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​Deputy X 和 Associate X 都是副职,有什么区别?怎样翻译?

2026-10-13 16:37 来源:云缪生活 点击:

Deputy X 和 Associate X 都是副职,有什么区别?怎样翻译?

我们在阅读、翻译美英的新闻和书刊时,经常会碰到Deputy administrator, Associate administrator; deputy manager, associate manager; ……两者到底有什么区别?它们应该怎样翻译?

在英汉词典里,deputy和associate都被无差别地翻译成“副的”;网上的不少文章谈到了两者的区别,但都没有说翻译时怎样把两者的区别体现出来。

在美国航空航天局(NASA)的网站,我们看到了如下的内容:

我们总不能把上面的Deputy administrator和Associate administrator都翻译成“副局长”吧?!

其实,在英语里,deputy和associate是有明显区别的。美国的Merriam-Webster Dictionary给出了如下释义:

Deputy: a second in command or assistant who usually takes charge when his or her superior is absent(一把手不在时行使一把手职权的人,即二把手)

Associate: having secondary or subordinate status(具有次要或下属地位的)

显然,英汉词典没有把deputy的意思完全翻译出来。那怎么翻译才准确呢?其实,deputy就是“常务副职”“第一副职”的意思,而associate是一般意义的副职。

所以,

Deputy administrator:常务副局长

Associate administrator:副局长

deputy manager:常务副经理

associate manager:副经理

Deputy Secretary of State:常务副国务卿

以下是美国国务院对Deputy Secretary of State职位的描述:

The Deputy Secretary serves as the principal deputy, adviser, and alter ego to the Secretary of State; serves as Acting Secretary of State in the Secretary's absence; and assists the Secretary in the formulation and conduct of U.S. foreign policy and in giving general supervision and direction to all elements of the Department.

所以,不管是学习英语还是从事翻译,应尽量使用美英的纯英语词典。